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4.4.3. Fire-
extinguish
g agents
4.5. Storage
4.6. Transport
4.7. Spillage and disposal
4.7.1. Spillage
4.7.2. Disposal
5. HAZARDS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR PREVENTION
6. SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
7. CURRENT REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS
7.1. Exposure limit values
7.2. Specific restrictions
7.3. Labelling, packaging, and transport
7.4. Waste disposal
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) documents produced by the
International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of
the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a
chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological
agents. They also provide guidelines for setting exposure limits.
The purpose of a Health and Safety Guide is to facilitate the
application of these guidelines in national chemical safety
programmes. The first three sections of a Health and Safety Guide
highlight the relevant technical information in the corresponding EHC.
Section 4 includes advice on preventive and protective measures and
emergency action; health workers should be thoroughly familiar with
the medical information to ensure that they can act efficiently in an
emergency. Within the Guide is a Summary of Chemical Safety
Information which should be readily available, and should be clearly
explained, to all who could come into contact with the chemical. The
section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal
file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals
(IRPTC) and from other United Nations sources.
The target readership includes occupational health services, those in
ministries, governmental agencies, industry, and trade unions who are
involved in the safe use of chemicals and the avoidance of
environmental health hazards, and those wanting more information on
this topic. An attempt has been made to use only terms that will be
familiar to the intended user. However, sections 1 and 2 inevitably
contain some technical terms. A bibliography has been included for
readers who require further background information.
Revision of the information in this Guide will take place in due
course, and the eventual aim is to use standardized terminology.
Comments on any difficulties encountered in using the Guide would be
very helpful and should be addressed to:
The Manager
International Programme on Chemical Safety
Division of Environmental Health
World Health Organization
1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A STARTING POINT
TO A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMME
1. PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES
1.1 Identity
Common name: acrolein
Chemical formula: C3H4O
Chemical structure:
H
'
H C = O
' '
C = C
' '
H H
Common synonyms: acraldehyde; acrylaldehyde; acrylic aldehyde;
allylaldehyde; propenal; 2-propenal;
prop-2-enal; prop-2-en-1-al
Common trade names: Acquinite; Aqualin; Aqualine; Biocide;
Magnicide-H; NSC 8819; Slimicide
CAS registry number: 107-02-8
RTECS registry number: AS 1050000
UN number: UN 1092
Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 2.29 mg/m3 air;
1 mg/m3 air = 0.44 ppm:
at 25°C and 101.3 kPa (760 mmHg)
1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
Acrolein is a volatile, colourless, highly flammable liquid at
ordinary temperature and pressure. Its odour is pungent, choking, and
disagreeable. The compound is fairly soluble in water and in organic
solvents, such as ethanol and diethylether. It is extremely reactive
and, in the absence of an inhibitor, highly exothermic polymerization
occurs at room temperature, catalysed by light and air. Highly
exothermic polymerization also occurs in the presence of traces of
acids or strong bases. Inhibited acrolein shows dimerization at
temperatures exceeding 150°C.
Some physical and chemical data on acrolein are presented in the
Summary of Chemical Safety Information (section 6).
1.3 Composition
Commercial acrolein contains 95.5% or more of the compound, the main
impurities being water (< 3.0% by weight) and other carbonyl
compounds (< 1.5% by weight), mainly propanal and acetone.
Hydroquinone is added as an inhibitor of polymerization
(0.1-0.25% by weight).
1.4 Analysis
Acrolein in ambient air, exhaust gas, and tobacco smoke can be
determined colorimetrically following absorption in an ethanolic
solution of 4-hexylresorcinol, mercuric chloride, and trichloroacetic
acid. The detection limit is 20 µg/m3
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